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Final Reflection Essay:  Diversity in the Classroom
Robin Crim
Texas Woman’s University
Author Note
Robin Crim, EDUC 5173, online course, Texas Woman’s University
This research was made possible by the love and understanding of the Crim family.





Abstract
In this essay I will reflect on how I have grown or changed due to the course and course work provided or assigned in EDUC 5173 Diversity in the Classroom.  I will show how I plan to create a culturally inclusive classroom by explaining how I will prompt my students to value and respect each other, how the physical classroom is arranged, how I and others communicate while in the classroom and finally how my curriculum and student assessment will look and be administered to students in my class.



Diversity in the Classroom
            I have had the privilege of growing up in a home where diversity was celebrated and cultures where meant to be explored.  In the school district that I grew up in, my middle and high schools had students bused in to reach "quota".  There were students in my high school whose families owned multiple homes and went on exotic vacations as well as students who were recipients of our school's food drives and who were not sure of where and when their next meal would come.  There were a large number of minority groups and I witnessed all of these groups melding and teachers working to include and expand our cultural knowledge
            I am currently working in the Lewisville Independent School District (LISD) in a Title 1, Preschool Program for Children with Disabilities, No Child Left Behind early childhood center.  I believe that LISD has gone to great lengths to encourage its students and its teachers to educate themselves and build relationships with each other in a non-threatening and open way.  As a preschool teacher I have gone to workshops on teaching to other cultures as well as English Language Learner workshops.  Our counselor and staff have made great strides in reaching out to various communities that are included in our school and either have created events to include them or have helped to advertise and support them with their festivals.              
                 Growing up in an accepting environment, spending my youth as well as my adult life in diverse education setting has absolutely helped to prepare me for a diverse population in the classroom.  I am not the only one who is teaching in a diverse classroom, I am learning from my students who are of different backgrounds, religions, learning abilities and family dynamics.  I am blessed to be a part of the reality of diversity and change.  What I have learned in EDUC 5173 Diversity in the Classroom is how to take my ideas and thoughts and put them into action.  I have enjoyed learning new ways to open the doors to cooperation and acceptance.  EDUC 5173 Diversity in the Classroom has honed my upbringing and has allowed me to make a better impact on my future classroom by making it a safe environment that is open to all ideas and cultures.  I feel that I am now better equipped to instill tolerance as a lifelong trait in my future students.
            In order to create a culturally inclusive learning community in my future classroom I will teach my students to value and respect each other’s ideas and cultures.  I will prepare and create a classroom whose arrangement will accommodate all learners.  I will communicate with students, caregivers, staff and their communities in a non-threatening, all inclusive way.  And I will create lesson plans that incorporate a diverse curriculum and plan ways of assessing that curriculum in an all-inclusive manor.
            To teach respect, one must first give respect.  I plan to model respect and show that I value my students in my every day actions. The State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC) states that “[t]he Texas educator, in accepting a position of public trust, shall measure success by the progress of each student toward realization of his or her potential as an effective citizen” (Tex. Admin. Code, 2010).  In order to reach this goal as a classroom teacher, it is my plan to show due diligence towards my students.  I plan on achieving this by way of timely and fair classroom assessments that are centered on my state and school boards demands, as well, as the demands that are stated plainly and set forth by myself and co-created by the students at the beginning of each semester. I plan to have students help make the rules in the classroom and by becoming a part of the process they will take value in the rules that they helped to create.  In this way, students are made aware of what is required and expected of them while in my classroom, as well as, in the school district and the state in which we reside.  As it is my goal to express to students that all people in my classroom will be treated fairly and respectfully, I will have a classroom that is open to discussion and differences of opinions as long as those opinions are stated in respectful ways and voiced without the fear of negative or harmful reprisal.  We can agree to disagree.
            The physical arrangement of my future classroom will allow all learners a safe and distraction free place to learn.  I have created a classroom set up for an Early Childhood classroom:

Figure 1.  Classroom arrangement.  This figure illustrates how to effectively arrange and use the space in a preschool classroom.
I have chosen to arrange my classroom in this way in order to optimize the space for moving bodies, center stations, table top work and small groups.  Wong states in his book, “The First Days of School” (2009, p.88) that the effective teacher has a well-managed, consistent classroom where students are on task and there is little confusion or wasted time.  With that in mind, I have made a central space through the middle of the room in order to make space for lining up.  I have placed the tables where students can either work together at table tops or with a teacher during small groups or one on one teaching times.  There is a white board along one wall to aid the teacher while she is working at the round table during small groups.  The storage cabinets within the room act as a “boundary” for the center stations that they surround and they are low enough for a teacher to see over wherever she is within the space.  There is a restroom and a wash space in the classroom for quick restroom breaks and for “messy” learning.  There is a central area in the room for large group or circle time.  This area has a smart board and white board and has an area rug for students to sit on while listening to instruction.  The teacher’s desk, while accessible, it is not central or the focus of the room.  I have added a wall with windows for natural light and a large storage closet for storing nap mats, supplies and materials.  There is plenty of wall space to exhibit and display student work and achievements.  I have placed lockers along one wall; they would have doors and cubbies.  I do believe that by separating the lockers from the “learning” area with the storage cabinets I have effectively divided the space in a way that will keep students focused on the tasks within the room.  I believe that this room arrangement is well organized and allows for unimpaired accessibility.  Both teacher and students have the capability to look around and see their surroundings without distractions or visual “black outs”.  The room is accessible for all students who would be attending this preschool and allows for maximum engagement while in the space.
            “The individual skilled in intercultural encounters learns to suspend judgement and seek alternative explanations of unexpected behavior rather than to simply interpret such behavior according to his or her own cultural framework” (Cushner, McClelland, and Safford, 2015).  It is the teacher’s responsibility to understand the cultures of her students so that she is able to communicate respectfully and precisely to students, families and the community in which she teaches.

 
            Teachers with a crosscultural understanding of personalismo frequently
            engage in social, small talk (e.g., about home, family, friends, interests)
            with CLD [culturally and linguistically diverse] students. In turn, these
             students, with whom the teacher has targeted personalismo, are then more
             likely to ask for assistance or posit questions about academic constructs
             that are difficult or foreign to their biographical range of experiences
                                                                                                              (Murray, 2012).

“Personalismo is a value associated with the Hispanic culture, and it is based on building and maintaining significant interpersonal relationships” (Gillette, 2013).  It is important that the rules of the classroom are discussed and taught in the early days of the school year so that all students will understand what the desired actions, behaviors and responses are within the school day.  It is also the teacher’s responsibility to explain in simple, straight forward terms what the consequences and the rewards are for unwanted or exemplary behavior.  Consequences and rewards should be given in a timely manner as to make the rule and learning of the rule more effective.  As the teacher, it is also important to understand the background and cultures of your students in the event that a rule or consequence is not being followed due to familial or cultural reasons.  It is the teacher’s responsibility to contact the principal, student’s parents or community leaders when reinforcement, encouragement or praise is required.
            As seen in my Text Book Analysis, my district, LISD, has incorporated diversity in their curriculum and text books.  The second grade text book “Social Studies: People and Places” by Scott Foresman used by LISD incorporated different races, genders, ages, jobs and overall success.  Also, in history assignments, students were asked to write biographies on numerous individuals that helped make America great.  This list of people included:  Abigail Adams, Amelia Earhart, George Washington Carver, W. E. B. DuBois, Navajo Code Talkers and World War II Women Airforce Pilots.  Dr. Nelson Laird (2014) explains in his article on diverse curriculum that classes that” include subjects that are ignored in traditional courses” or curriculum “content [that] reflects the experiences of multiple cultural groups from their own as well as other perspectives” is considered to be diverse.  In my future classroom, it is my goal to respect my students’ cultures.  I plan to incorporate their identities into my curriculum as much as possible either by way of research and reports or through foods and customs.  By including all my students, I hope to create an atmosphere of acceptance in my classroom but most of all I hope to encourage lifelong practices of toleration and acceptance of others ideas and cultures.
            In the journal, “Classroom Assessment: Minute by Minute, Day by Day”, I have been introduced to a new way of thinking about classroom knowledge assessment.  Leahy, Lyon, Thompson and William have laid out several different options to assess student learning while instructing a particular lesson rather than waiting until the end of a unit and assessing what might have been learned in several lessons.  In this way, the writers of the article believe that teachers will be able to identify any deficits in student learning before they move on to a new topic or build on a topic that is misunderstood.  It is the writers’ belief that if a teacher is actively monitoring students during a lesson then they will be able to detect sooner if they should reteach, set up peer tutors, regroup or continue on with the lesson as planned.  Leahy, Lyon, Thompson and William call this: assessment FOR learning, rather than assessment OF learning.
            The writers express five tools or “broad strategies” that all teachers can use in any content area or grade level to assess for learning:
·       Clarifying and sharing learning intentions and criteria for success.
·       Engineering effective classroom discussions, questions, and learning tasks.
·       Providing feedback that moves learners forward.
·       Activating students as the owners of their own learning.
·       Activating students as instructional resources for one another
                                                (Leahy, Lyon, Thompson and William, 2005, p. 20)
Most of these tools are best teaching practices and when they are not utilized, teachers “tend to rehearse existing knowledge rather than create new knowledge for students” but when used throughout the daily lesson, students are engaged, focused, and more likely to speak up when they do not understand a particular topic (Leahy, Lyon, Thompson and William, 2005, 21-22).  I think that this journal article was a good reminder of how all teachers should present material no matter what content, grade level, culture or group.  If the overall goal for a teacher is to make sure that students are engaged and learning, then assessing student knowledge as they go and making it meaningful to them seems to be the only sensible way to approach teaching and assessment within the classroom.  As with my lesson plan on “Traditional Tales”, I have created a check and recheck system to continually assess the students’ knowledge and comprehension of the traditional tale “The Little Red Hen”.  Throughout the lesson I have written in time to use several forms of assessment, both formally and informally.  This is accomplished by way of monitoring and observing students while they are in center time learning, asking students to retell the story through and with multiple materials (oral recitation, dramatic play, felt boards, journaling), using thinking maps and through technology.  By using a wide variety of assessments the student is able to excel in their given learning style as well as continuing to reinforce knowledge through all learning styles.
            Overall, I believe that I am a diverse individual who enjoys and encourages others in the pursuit of and education in their own cultures.  It has been asked of me, what more can I do, where can I grow?  Teaching in general is a profession of continuing education.  I do not believe that my learning stops just because I will be officially certified as an educator.  In fact, I believe that once a teacher is certified it is crucial to stay abreast of new theories and techniques in order to be the best resource and mentor for your students.  How does that affect me and my diversity training?  While I know that I am an accepting person, I do not know about all the cultures within my district.  My district focuses mostly on the Hispanic/Latin culture even though it is expanding its cultural identity yearly.  I would think that workshops, online classes, or book reviews on the background of our student body would be pertinent and well received.  I have taken it upon myself to get educated on the Chin culture and I believe that I will continue to seek information on other cultures that I come in contact with.



References
Cushner, K. H., McClelland, A., Safford, P. (2015). Human diversity in education: An intercultural approach.  New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Foresman, S. (2003) Social studies: People and places, Texas edition. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.

Gillette, H. (2013). What is personalismo and why is it important in health care? Voxxi.             Retrieved from http://voxxi.com/2013/09/18/hispanic-personalismo-health-care/

Kaplan Classroom Floorplanner. (2014). Figure I: Classroom arrangement. Retrieved from https://www.kaplanco.com/resources/floorplanner.asp
Leahy, S., Lyon, C., Thompson, M., and William, D. (2005).  Classroom assessment: minute by minute, day by day.  Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development: Educational Leadership, 63(3), 19-24.  Retrieved online from http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/nov05/vol63/num03/Classroom-Assessment@-Minute-by-Minute,-Day-by-Day.aspx
Murray, K. G. (2012). Cognitive development, global learning, and academic progress: Promoting teacher readiness for CLD students and families. Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 6(1), 15 & 16.  Retrieved online from http://www.joci.ecu.edu/index.php/JoCI/article/view/183/pdf

Nelson Laird, T. F. (2014). Reconsidering the inclusion of diversity in the curriculum. Diversity         and Democracy, 17(4).  Retrieved online from             https://www.aacu.org/diversitydemocracy/2014/fall/nelson-laird

Tex. Admin. Code ch. 247 § 1.7(b).  Educator’s Code of Ethics.  Texas Code 7. 10 December        2010.

Wong, H. K, Wong, R. T. (2009). The first days of school:  How to be an effective teacher. Singapore: CS Graphics Pte. Ltd.